Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: The cancer-associated fibroblasts interact with malignant T cells in mycosis fungoides and promote the disease progression
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1474564
Figure Lengend Snippet: The interaction between malignant T cell and CAFs with SOX4-related mechanisms in the process. (A) Malignant T cells in MF induce the activation and formation of CAFs, which, in turn, modulating cancer progression. (B) Activation of SOX4 expression in malignant T cells. IL-6 generated by CAFs, activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in malignant T cells, positively regulated the transcription of SOX4, further activating the PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathway, hence promoting tumorigenesis. (C) Activation of SOX4 expression in CAFs. TGF-β generated by malignant cells activates the TGF-β signaling in NFs or epithelial cells, leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, which promotes SOX4 expression after translocating to the nucleus. By interacting with β-catenin and ERG, SOX4 induces the expression of EZH2, which might directly regulate TWIST1 and modulating the EMT procession, reprograming other cells into CAFs. The SOX4–EZH2 axis also modifies the promoter region of tumor-suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-31, miR-212/132, and miR-129-2. By repressing the transcription of these miRNAs, SOX4 involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration.
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) are listed as follows: cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) (1:100, Abcam, ab133616, clone EPR6855), CD8 (1:1,000, Proteintech, 66868-1-lg, clone 1G2B10), SRY-related high-mobility-group box 4 (SOX4) (1:200, CUSABIO, CSBPA022431LA01HU), Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 (NR4A1) (1:200, Proteintech, 25851-1-AP), CD103 (1:100, Abcam, ab224202, EPR22590-27), Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAP) (1:250, Abcam, ab207178, EPR20021), Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (TWIST1) (1:200, Proteintech, 25465-1-AP), Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) (1:200, Proteintech, 10373-2-AP), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (1:200, Proteintech, 21865-1-AP).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Generated, Phospho-proteomics, Inhibition, Migration